Read the most important events of the day.
1792: Artillery Captain Claude Joseph Rouget de Lille composes the “Massaliotida» (Marseillaise) which today is the national anthem of France.
1800: The Library of Congress is founded, initially housed in the Capitol building in Washington. After 97 years it will have its own roof.
1877: The Russian Empire declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
1898: The US declares war on Spain when the Iberian country rejects its ultimatum to withdraw from Cuba.
1915: The Young Turks arrest 200 prominent Armenians of Constantinople. It is the beginning of the Armenian Genocide, which claimed the lives of 1.5 million people by 1923.
1923: Sigmund Freud’s book, “Das Ich und das Es” (“The I and the It”), which describes the Austrian physiologist and psychiatrist’s theories about the It, the Ego and the Superego, is published in Vienna.
1926: The Gennadeios Library is inaugurated.
1923: New technologies are put to the service of football for the first time. In the FA Cup final between Newcastle and Arsenal (2-1), film is used to prove that Allen’s winning goal was disallowed. The frame in question is published on the front page of the “Daily Mirror” newspaper.
1935: Generals Anastasios Papoulas and Miltiadis Koimisis are executed. Both were prosecution witnesses at the Trial of the Six and had taken part in the Venizelian Movement of March 1, 1935.
1944: The German occupation troops execute 318 inhabitants of the village in the Kozani Towers (Katranitsa), in retaliation for the execution of two German soldiers by ELAS forces. This was the second largest Nazi holocaust in Greece after that of Kalavryta.
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1953: Winston Churchill, England’s “Victory Prime Minister” is knighted by Queen Elizabeth II.
1967: The spacecraft ‘Soyuz 1’ crashes on Earth. Soviet cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov aboard becomes the first person to die during a space mission.
1968: Mauritius gains its independence and becomes a member state of the United Nations.
1970: The Gambia becomes a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations, with Dauda Jaguara as its first president.
1971: The construction of the administrative building of OTE in Marousi, on an area of 51 acres, is announced.
1981: IBM introduces the first personal computer, the IBM PC.
1990: East and West Germany decide to unite economically and monetarily on July 1 of the same year.
1990: The Hubble Space Telescope is carried into space by Discovery.
1997: Olympiacos is crowned European basketball champion. In the final which takes place in Rome, it is imposed on Barcelona with 73-58.
2004: The Annan plan to resolve the Cyprus issue is put to two separate referendums in Megalonisos and is rejected by the Greek Cypriots with an overwhelming “no”. 75.83% are against it compared to 24.17% of his supporters. On the contrary, in the occupied territories, 64.91% of Turkish Cypriots vote “yes”, 35.01% “no”.
2013: Building collapses in Bangladesh, killing 1,129 people and injuring 2,500 others.
2017: According to the Ministry of the Interior in France, the final results of the first round of the presidential election are as follows: Emmanuel Macron 23.75%, Marine Le Pen 21.53%, Francois Fillon 19.91%, Jean-Luc Mélenchon 19.64 % and Benoit Amon 6.35%. The country is headed for a second round of elections.
2021: US President Joe Biden officially recognizes the Armenian Genocide by the Turks during the First World War.
Births
1880 – Gideon Sudbyk, Swedish engineer and businessman
1904 – Willem de Kooning, Dutch-American painter
1916 – Lou Thez, American wrestler
1918 – Robert Escarpit, French writer and journalist
1919 – Glaukos Cleridis, Cypriot politician
1934 – Shirley MacLaine, American actress
1942 – Barbra Streisand, American singer and actress
1952 – Jean-Paul Gaultier, French fashion designer
1969 – Elias Atmatzidis, Greek football player
1971 – Alejandro Fernandez, Mexican singer
1982 – Kelly Clarkson, American singer
Deaths
1821 – Athanasios Diakos, Greek general
1941 – Konstantinos Spanoudis, Greek journalist
2004 – Estee Lauder, American businesswoman
2006 – Yannis Maglis, Greek writer
2006 – George Tsitsopoulos, Greek actor
2010 – Dimitris T. Tsatsos, Greek jurist
2011 – Sathya Sai Baba, Indian guru
2020 – Elli Vozikiadou, Greek actress
