The 7 effects of African dust on health

African dust affecting Greece is a relatively frequent phenomenon, especially when the meteorological conditions favor transport of dust particles from the Sahara desert.

The frequency and intensity of African dust phenomena in Greece can vary from year to year, from 7 to 20 episodes (average 13 episodes/year), depending on atmospheric conditions and the amount of dust transported from the Sahara.

In general, it is not unusual for Greek space to be affected by African dust.

This natural event may have significant health effects of the inhabitants of our country, mainly through the degradation of air quality.

African dust carries particles in a wide range of sizes, such as PM 10, PM 2.5 or even much smaller, while it can also entrain pollutants from the atmosphere. An increase in particulate matter in the atmosphere can worsen respiratory conditions such as asthma, bronchitis and allergies.

People with pre-existing respiratory conditions are particularly vulnerable during periods of increased dust levels and this is reflected in increased hospital admissions.

Special attention is required for residents of urban centers and areas with already low air quality, reports the Hellenic Pulmonology Society.

Respiratory effect

One of the primary health effects of African dust is its effect on respiratory health. Fine dust particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream. For people with conditions such as asthma, bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), exposure to these particles can worsen symptoms, leading to shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing and chest discomfort.

Allergies and irritation

African dust can cause allergic type reactions in some people, respiratory tract irritation, nasal congestion, sneezing and watery eyes. People with allergies or sensitivities to environmental factors may experience increased symptoms during periods of increased levels of African dust.

Cardiovascular effects

In addition to respiratory problems, exposure to African dust has been linked to cardiovascular problems. Particulate matter can contribute to inflammation, oxidative stress, and vasoconstriction, which can increase the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular diseases, especially in vulnerable populations.

Effect on the immune system

Prolonged exposure to African dust can also affect the immune system, making people more vulnerable to respiratory infections system and in other diseases. The inflammatory response caused by dust particles can weaken the body’s defenses and make it harder to fight pathogens.

Long-term health risks

Chronic exposure to African dust and its associated pollutants has been associated with long term risks health, including respiratory diseases, reduced lung function, cardiovascular disorders, and even some types of cancer.

Continuous exposure to high levels of dust particles can have cumulative health effects over time. According to a 2020 review of the impact of dust on air quality in Europe, an estimated 42,000 deaths/year are attributed to dust, while in Mediterranean countries it has been estimated that 27-44% of the number of deaths are related to PM particles. 10 is due to African dust.

It is important that citizens, and especially those with respiratory problems, take precautions during periods of increased levels of African dust.

The recommendations of the Hellenic Pulmonology Society

– Stay informed. Monitor air quality reports and weather forecasts to know when African dust levels are expected to be high.

– Limit outdoor activities. If possible, avoid spending extended periods of time outdoors when dust levels are high, especially during windy days when particles are more likely to become airborne.

– Close the windows and doors. While homes and workplaces should generally be ventilated, during African dust peak periods, ventilate a little in the morning and then keep windows and doors closed to prevent dust particles from entering your home or workplace. If you have one, use air cleaners or filters to improve indoor air quality.

– Use masks. When going outside, especially in dusty conditions, consider wearing a mask to reduce inhalation of dust particles.

– Stay hydrated. Drink plenty of water.

During periods of increased dust levels, it is highly recommended that people with pre-existing respiratory conditions they take precautions to minimize the health effects of exposure to dust particles. Asthma patients may need to increase the dosage or frequency of taking inhaled medications based on the control plan recommended by their doctor to reduce symptoms. It is pointed out that at this stage special attention is recommended to asthmatics, due to spring allergies.

Patients with COPD may need to increase palliative care with inhaled medications.